Question: 130 Which of the following combinations is required for chemiosmosis?
(1) proton pump, electron gradient, ATP synthase
(2) proton pump, electron gradient, NADP synthase
(3) membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, ATP synthase
(4) membrane, proton pump, proton gradient, NADP synthase
Answer: Option (3)
Explanation:
Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy stored in
a proton gradient across a membrane.
A membrane is essential to separate two compartments and maintain a difference in proton concentration.
Proton pumps actively transport protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.
The proton gradient represents stored potential energy due to the difference in proton concentration across the membrane.
ATP synthase allows protons to flow back across the membrane and uses this energy to synthesize ATP.
NADP synthase is not involved in ATP formation during chemiosmosis.
Therefore, the correct combination required for chemiosmosis is membrane,
proton pump, proton gradient, and ATP synthase.
Hence, Option (3) is the correct answer.