Question: 99. Which one of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?
(1) National Park
(2) Wildlife Sanctuary
(3) Zoos and botanical gardens
(4) Protected areas.
Answer: Option (3)
Explanation:
Ex-situ conservation refers to the conservation of biodiversity outside the natural habitats of organisms.
In ex-situ conservation, plants and animals are protected and maintained in controlled environments.
Examples include zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and tissue culture laboratories.
National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and protected areas conserve organisms within their natural habitats and are examples of in-situ conservation.
Therefore, zoos and botanical gardens represent ex-situ conservation.
Hence, the correct answer is option (3).